RESUMO
The present study was conducted to develop chicken meat powder (CMP) incorporated ready-to-eat shelf stable fried chicken snacks and evaluate the effect of rosemary leaves extract (RE) incorporation on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory properties in developed product during ambient storage up to 60 days. Two different groups were made; control (without RE) and second group with RE treated (3% level). In physico-chemical properties, results showed that RE incorporation had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), free fatty acid (FFA) and tyrosine value. Similarly in microbiological parameter RE treated product had significantly (p<0.05) lower total plate count (TPC), Staphylococcus count (SC) and significantly (p<0.01) lower yeast and mold count than control. RE incorporation had highly significant effect (p<0.01) on sensory score (texture, flavour and overall acceptability except appearance) of the product during storage period. Therefore, it is concluded that RE incorporation into fried chicken snacks improved physico-chemical (TBARs, free fatty acid content and Tyrosine value), microbiological (Total plate count, Staphylococcus count and yeast and mold count) and sensory parameter (flavor, texture and overall acceptability) of the chicken snacks during 60 days storag
RESUMO
CONTEXT: Zearalenone is a mycoestrogen and considered a mycotoxin. OBJECTIVE: To establish whether zearalenone produced hepatotoxicity via oral administration. METHODS: Zearalenone was orally administered at a dose of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg ZEN/body weight/daily, respectively, for 14 days to three groups of BALB/c mice. Diagnostic modalities used to evaluate hepatic damage and impaired hepatic function pre- and post zearalenone administration included hepatic marker enzyme activity, pentobarbital sleeping time, cytochrome P-450 activities and histopathologic evaluation of liver. RESULTS: Significant histopathologic changes viz. sinusoidal congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hepatocellular necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were observed after evaluating of liver section from each group after accumulated zearalenone exposure. Further, zearalenone exposure increased activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and lipid peroxides whereas activities of tissue glutathione and cytochrome P450 were decreased as compared to control mice. Zearalenone also increased the sleeping time and decreased sleeping latency after pentobarbital through intraperitoneal route as compared to control mice which indicates that the impairment of hepatic metabolizing enzymes by zearalenone. CONCLUSION: Zearalenone is a potential hepatotoxin by oral route.
CONTEXTO: Zearalenone é um micoestrógeno e considerado como micotoxina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o Zearalenone produz hepatotoxicidade por administração via oral. MÉTODOS: Zearalenone foi administrada por via oral em doses de 50 µg, 100 µg e 200 µg/peso corporal/dia/14 dias, respectivamente, para três grupos de camundongos BAB/C. Modalidades diagnósticas usadas para avaliar o dano hepático e comprometimento da função hepática pré- e pós-administração de Zearalenone incluíram atividade enzimática de marcadores hepáticos, tempo de sono por pentobarbital, atividade do citocromo P-450 e avaliação histopatológica hepática. RESULTADOS: Alterações histopatológicas significantes como congestão sinusoidal, vacuolização citoplasmática, necrose hepatocelular e infiltração neutrofílica foram observadas após avaliação histológica de cada grupo após exposição acumulada de Zearalenone. Além disto, a exposição à Zearalenone incrementou a atividade das enzimas alanina transaminase e aspartato transaminase e peróxidos lipídicos, ao passo que as atividades teciduais de glutationa e citocromo P-450 diminuiram, quando comparadas com camundongos-controle. Zearalenone também aumentou o tempo de sono e diminuiu a latência do sono após a administração de pentobarbital por via intra-abdominal, quando comparados com camundongos-controle, o que indica o comprometimento das enzimas do metabolismo hepático por ela. CONCLUSÃO: Zearalenone é uma potente hepatotoxina quando administrada por via oral.